The Archaeological Museums are found just inside the first court of the Topkapi Palace. The newly renovated Archaeological Museum includes the celebrated Alexander Sarcophagus among its treasures of antiquity. The Museum of the Ancient Orient displays artifacts from the Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hatti and Hittite civilizations. (Open every day except Monday.)

Originally built as a kosk or pavilion by Mehmet the Conqueror in the 15th century, the Cinili kosk that houses the Museum of Turkish Ceramics contains beautiful Iznik wares from the 16th century and fine examples of Seljuk and Ottoman pottery and tiles. (Open every day except Monday.)

Like the Ayasofya Museum, the St. Irene Museum was originally a church. It ranks, in fact, as the first church built in Istanbul.

Constantine commissioned it in the fourth century and Justinian later had the church rebuilt. Reputedly the building stands on the site of a pre-Christian temple. (Open every day except Monday.)

The dark stone building that houses the Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art was built in 1524 by Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier to Suleyman the Magnificent as his residence. It was the grandest private residence ever built in the Ottoman Empire. Today it holds a superb collection of ceramics, metalwork, miniatures, calligraphy, textiles, woodwork as well as some of the oldest carpets in the world. (Open every day except Monday.)

Across the street from the Ibrahim Pasha Palace is the Museum of Turkish Carpets which contains exquisite antique carpets and kilims gathered from all over Turkey. (Open every day except Sunday and Monday.) Near St. Sophia is the sixth century Byzantine cistern known as the Yerebatan Sarayi. 335 massive Corinthian columns support the immense chamber's fine brick vaulting. (Open every day except Tuesday.)

The Mosaic Museum preserves in situ exceptionally fine mosaic pavements of the fifth and sixth centuries that remain from the Great Palace of the Byzantine emperors. (Open every day except Monday.)

The 11th century church of St. Savior in Chora, the Kariye Museum, is, after St. Sophia, the most important Byzantine monument in Istanbul.

Unremarkable in its architecture, inside the walls are decorated with superb 14th century frescoes and mosaics. Illustrating scenes from the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, these brilliantly colored paintings embody the vigor of Byzantine art. Restored wooden houses in the area surrounding the church offer tea or coffee in a relaxed atmosphere far removed away from the city's hectic pace. (Open every day except Tuesday.)

The Aviation Museum in Yesilkoy traces the development of air flight in Turkey. (Open every day except Monday.)

The great field tents used by the Ottoman armies on campaigns are displayed in the Military Museum. Other exhibits include Ottoman weapons and the accoutrements of war. The Mehter Takimi (Ottoman military band) perform Ottoman Marshal music between 3:00 and 4:00 p.m. (Open every day except Monday and Tuesday.)

The house in which Ataturk lived in Sisli now serves as the Ataturk Museum and displays his personal effects. (Open every day except Saturday and Sunday.)

In the Besiktas district the Naval Museum displays the great caiques in which the sultans rowed across the Bosphorus as well as many other interesting exhibits of Ottoman naval history (Open every day except Monday and Thursday.)

Also in Besiktas, the Museum of Fine Arts displays Turkish and European paintings and sculptures from the end of the 19th century to the present day. (Open every day except Monday and Tuesday.)

Near the gardens of Yildiz Palace, the City Museum preserves and documents the history of Istanbul since the Ottoman conquest. (Open every day except Thursday.)

Up the Bosphorus in the picturesque village of Buyukdere, the collections of the Sadberk Hanim Museum fill two charming 19th century wooden villas. A private museum which originally displayed Turkish decorative arts, it has recently expanded with a new collection of archaeological finds. (Open every day except Wednesday.)